LTSER Platform Neusiedler See - Seewinkel - Austria

The structure of a soil profile is as follows: We can distinguish three generally soil layers , the A- , B- , and C- horizon. Most clearly distinguishes the topsoil ( humus ) by its accumulation of organic matter . The corresponding area is referred to as A- horizon or humus horizon. If a separate horizon formed by weathering or material storage, this is called the B horizon . The bedrock underlying the C- horizon. Mainly on the northern part of the Seewinkelterrasse store usually high steppe chernozems ( Tschernosem ) . Your starting material is loess or lößähnliches material in Seewinkel . Chernozems are a product of the steppe climate with warm dry summers. You generally lack the B- horizon, as it is too cold for the weathering in winter and dry in summer . On the almost black , humus-rich and highly friable A horizon immediately follows the C horizon formed by loess . Typical of the chernozem is the strong biological activity. The activities of Wühltieren the limit as A- horizon never remains stable since entering through the grave transitions humus material in the C horizon . These soils represent high-quality agricultural land Where the gravel surfaces are hollowed , step on wet black earth soils forming it according to Chernozems higher moisture. They have the characteristic black color is lost (called verbrauntem chernozem ) and are already showing signs of weathering. The good crumb structure and balanced water regime disappear , thus the fertility decline. Frequently one finds on the gravel corridors also Paratschernoseme from the lime-free loose material ( quicksand ) emerged and are particularly well suited as a vineyard sites. They are also characteristic of the Pandorfer plate in the north of the corner of the lake . The Paratschernsoemen most of which only up to 40cm thin drift sand blanket was fully humified in an A horizon. The soil is therefore a complete stranger C horizon ( bedrock ) on that has nothing to do with the origination of the soil. Paratschernoseme have a red-brown color and gave much lower structures may be causing the ground easily tolerated by the wind. Therefore windbreak belts are necessary appearing dominates the landscape in this area. Paratschernoseme stand in their agricultural value far below the chernozem and form dry , shallow cryptic sites. The fen landscape of Hansag , which continued in Hungary, was largely drained in through an extensive channel and grave system and by two pumping stations ( Tadten and Wallern ) in the Einserkanal and made usable for agriculture. Currently prevail in the core area of the Hansag , the precursor of the Neusiedler See , and even in the last century enormous swamp . Fallen dry fens vor.In low rainfall summers is the reed and Rohrkolbentorf , a conspicuous horizon of these fens , completely dry and highly flammable . For example, raged in August 1978 in the area of ??Wallern a moorland fire , the detected 30ha . The remaining space is occupied by saline soils , which are located mainly in the southern part of the corner of the lake and represent approximately 25 km2 Austria´s largest saline soil area . Only small deposits in the northern wine district in the March area and in the Vienna basin can be found outside the corner of the lake . This sodahältigen salt , locally Zickböden (Hungarian szik = soda ) , are mainly used in Seerandzone and in the gravel- free areas of the central corner of the lake and includes the so-called Solontschaken and networks to solo . The Solontschak occurs mainly where saline groundwater is present and high salt accumulation at the soil surface leads to the formation of white salt crusts. He is poor in organic matter , and only a few plant species settle on it. The enriched on the surface Solontschak salt, mainly soda ( sodium carbonate) , was turned away earlier and used for soap production. To compete in such a world is possible only matched specialists : salt cress, goosefoot , camphor herb samphire and Zickgras , a vegetation again which is otherwise niergendwo not be found in Western and Central Europe. The Solo network , however, has a low-salt A horizon , according to the more developed and richer types of vegetation of this soil is enriched with organic matter and light gray to brownish gray appears. During the Solontschak lacks a B horizon , the solo network has become a weathering horizon inden the humic substances from the A horizon Originating relocated . This B horizon thus gaining a deep dark color. The high organic content of this horizon leads to excessive shrinkage during drought , and subsequent formation of polyhedral ( polyhedral ) small columns , which are clearly visible in the profile. The heads of these columns are rounded like a cap on the border against the A horizon . Only below the B horizon wins the salinity of a higher degree . The existence of the network depends solo compared to Solontschak often together with a deeper groundwater level and thus with periodic desiccation. Externally let Solontschak and solonietz slightly different : Solontschak is a light, sandy soil with frequent salt efflorescence and dry without cracks, solonietz a heavy, clayey soil salt poorer without salt efflorescence , but with typical dry cracks. Transitional forms from one to the other soil type can be found , however, in many places. Finally, there is the sandy Unprocessed of Seedammes to mention having low age and provides an excellent environment for organisms with a dry warm claims. In the course of Weingarten use it evolves through profound shifts ground partly towards Tschernosemböden . So can the Seewinkel recognize an extraordinary variety of soil types that show a gradient with respect to extensiveness and Tschernosemhäufigkeit against the South , where saline soils and small -scale , mosaic-like interlocking floor surfaces predominate.